Lawn bowls is one of the most inclusive sports in Australia and clubs sometimes forget about disabled persons when they are trying to attract new bowlers to their club. I am writing to you to provide some details about disability bowls classifications to try and build awareness of the classifications and the options available for disability bowlers within your club.
Bowls Tasmania conducts State Championships for disabled bowlers as part of Gala Week in March each year, and Bowls Tasmania enters a team in the Para National Sides Championships which are held as part of The Nationals each October. A number of disabled players also travel to Queensland each year in June to participate in various disability championships which are held as part of the Australian Open Championships.
Disability bowlers are extremely talented and are a wonderful group of people to be involved with. Bowls Tasmania would encourage all clubs to actively work to attract people with disabilities to join your club.
Are Classifications required:
Players competing in different disability events at State, national and international level require a classification to play. There are four disability groups:
- Players with a visual disability.
- Players with a physical disability.
- Players with an intellectual disability.
- Players with a hearing disability.
No classifications are required to compete at club or region level.
Why are Classifications required?
The classification system provides for fair and equitable competition at all levels.
Classification procedure for bowlers with a visual disability:
- Bowlers with a visual impairment have their own classification procedure that is governed by the Australian Blind Bowls Association (ABBA)
- The examination and evaluation of the visually impaired lawn bowler must be performed by a certified Ophthalmologist or Optometrist with experience in low vision assessment. The evaluation requires the measurement of each eye individually of best corrected visual acuity and field of vision.
- The assessment shall be carried out by assessors independent from the player being assessed. A classifier, appointed by ABBA, will check the forms, and recommend a classification. This will be submitted to the International Blind Bowlers Association (IBBA) for confirmation.
- Bowlers with a visual impairment are classified based on their vision and classified as B1, B2, B3 or B4.
- For further information on sight classification procedures for bowlers with a vision impairment, please contact ABBA via its website – click HERE.
Classification procedures for bowlers with a physical disability:
- A bowler must provide evidence of their medical condition which leads to their functional limitations. An International Bowls for the Disabled (IBD) Certificate of Diagnosis – click HERE– must be completed by the bowler’s doctor prior to the classification being performed.
- IBD’s medical assessor in Tasmania, Dr. Claire McGrath, will review the Certificate of Diagnosis to ensure that the bowler has an eligible condition.
- Bowlers are required to attend a classification event – which occurs bi-annually in February and March each year.
- The IBD classification involves a bench test (medical) and a bowling action test (technical) plus observing the bowler in a game of bowls for a classification to be complete.
- The bench test is performed by a medical classifier (usually a doctor) who examines all relevant movements and muscle groups. Bowlers are then put into classes according to their level of function.
- The bowling action test is done on the green by a technical classifier who assesses the bowlers functional strength and balance in the delivery of the jack and a bowl.
- After observation in a game, the medical and technical classifiers in consultation will allocate the bowler a disability class (B5, B6. B7 or B8) and provide the bowler with a card showing these details.
Classification procedure for bowlers with an intellectual disability:
- Bowlers with an intellectual disability are required to be registered with Sport Inclusion Australia (SIA).
- Bowlers must complete the National Eligibility Application form – click HERE – and return it to SIA.
- The application form and a guide on how to complete the application can be found on the Bowls Tasmania website.
Classification procedure for bowlers with a hearing disability:
- Bowlers with a hearing disability are required to be registered with Deaf Sports Australia if they wish to participate in national and international sanctioned deaf sporting events.
- Bowlers must complete the Classification Form – click HERE – with a copy of their latest audiogram and return it to Deaf Sports Australia.
- Deaf Sports Australia will forward the Classification Form to its audiologist at Expression Audiology who will then confirm a bowlers eligibility.
- The Classification Form and a guide on how to complete it can be found on the Bowls Tasmania website.
What is the difference between classifications B1 to B8?
B1 – B4 – Visual Impairment – Athletes with visual impairment ranging from partial vision, sufficient to be judged legally blind, to total blindness. This includes impairment of one or more component of the visual system (eye structure, receptors, optic nerve pathway, and visual cortex).
- B1: No light perception in either eye up to light perception but no recognition of hand movements at any distance or any direction.
- B2: From the ability to recognise hand movements up to a visual acuity of 2/60 (Snellen).
- B3: From a visual acuity of better than 2/60 (Snellen) up to a visual acuity of 6/60.
- B4: A visual acuity of better than 6/60 (Snellen) up to a visual acuity of worse than 6.24 (Snellen) and/or a visual field of less than 20 degrees.
B5 – B8 – Physical Impairment – There are eight different types of physical impairment:
- Impaired muscle power – With impairments in this category, the force generated by muscles, such as the muscles of one limb, one side of the body or the lower half of the body is reduced, (e.g. due to spinal-cord injury,spina-bifida or polio).
- Impaired passive range of movement – Range of movement in one or more joints is reduced in a systematic way. Acute conditions such as arthritis are not included.
- Loss of limb or limb deficiency – A total or partial absence of bones or joints from partial or total loss due to illness, trauma, or congenital limb deficiency (e.g. dysmelia).
- Leg-length difference – Significant bone shortening occurs in one leg due to congenital deficiency or trauma.
- Short stature – Standing height is reduced due to shortened legs, arms and trunk, which are due to a musculoskeletal deficit of bone or cartilage structures.
- Hypertonia – Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result from injury, disease, or conditions which nvolve damage to the central nervous system (e.g. cerebral palsy).
- Ataxia – Ataxia is an impairment that consists of a lack of coordination of muscle movements (e.g. cerebral palsy, Friedreich’s ataxia).
- Athetosis – Athetosis is generally characterized by unbalanced, involuntary movements and a difficulty maintaining a symmetrical posture (e.g. cerebral palsy, choreoathetosis).
These are classified as follows:
- B5: Wheelchair bowlers who can only use a very small bowl (size 00) due to limitation of upper limb function. Ambulant and wheelchair bowlers with restricted grip and upper body limb function, poor balance and co-ordination, unable to bowl a full length end or needing a splinting device to do so (Not including the bowling arm as used in Australia).
- B6: Ambulant and wheelchair bowlers with reduced balance function (loss of 5 points or more) but able to bowl a full length end.
- B7: Ambulant and wheelchair bowlers with minor balance problems (loss of less than 5 points).
- B8: Ambulant bowlers, who have a permanent and irreversible disability, have lost 10 points on the bench test, but have no noticeable impairment of function.
Intentional Misrepresentation (IM)
IM is a type of integrity breach in Para sport. It happens when an athlete or athlete support personnel intentionally misleads or attempts to mislead any aspect of Classification.
What can IM look like?
- Not giving full effort during Classification i.e., intentionally underperforming
- Tampering with medical documentation
- Not coming forward with changes to eligible impairment or diagnosis i.e., medical review
- Not reporting IM leading to complicity. Having knowledge but not reporting can lead to consequences.
- Not cooperating with Classification and more…
How can I report IM?
Paralympics Australia is the body that manages national level IM for athletes and support personnel who are involved in national level classification and competition. You can report via any of PA’s three (3) channels:
- Online Reporting Form – (option of anonymity)
- Phone: (02) 9704 0550
- Email: integrity@paralympic.org.au (cc’d in this email)
All information, no matter how big or small, is important and could be crucial in uncovering integrity violations, including IM, within Para sport. We understand reporting can be scary or feel complicated, but all information submitted to PA is transmitted via secure communication and accessed by PAs Integrity Manager, and the independent IM review panel members only.
Should you have a concern of international level IM (i.e. regarding athletes or support personnel who are involved in international competition) this should be reported to either the IPC or the International Federation.
Why is this important?
IM is a very serious offence that undermines the integrity of classification and Para-Sport. The consequences can include a sanction from sport, financial implications, stripping of medals or achievement and irreversible reputational damage.
For further information:
For further information about disability bowlers, contact the Chair of the Para Bowls Tasmania Committee, Lynne McDougall, by email on lynne.mcdougall19@gmail.com or mobile 0419 588 062.